An American visitor in Austria was a bit confused when he
read the following sign in a hotel catering to skiers:
Not to perambulate the corridors in the hours of
repose in the boots of ascension.
The expression, “it kind of loses something in the
translation” comes to mind.
When translating from one language into another language it
is important to understand not only the individual words, but also sentence
structure (or grammar) and the cultural significance behind the words being
translated.
The other day I was reading from my Greek New Testament in
John chapter 2 and I stumbled across something rather curious.
Verse
14: And He (Jesus) found in the temple [ἱερός] those who sold oxen and
sheep and doves…
Verse
15: He drove them all out of the temple [ἱερός]…
Verse
19: Jesus answered and said to them, “Destroy this temple [ναός], and in three days I will
raise it up.”
Verse
21: But He was speaking of the temple [ναός] of His body.
Questions immediately came to mind. What is the difference
between ἱερός
and ναός?
Why did Jesus use ναός rather than ἱερός
when referring to His body?
So I went to Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament for an
answer. Trench wrote:
Both ἱερός and ναός
are translated “temple” in our English versions. Although it is difficult to
say how they could have been distinguished, translating them by different words
would have clarified the sacred narrative and made it more precise.
He goes on to explain that ἱερός
refers to the whole temple complex whereas ναός
refers to the heart and center of the temple — the dwelling place of God.
The Greek scholar Kenneth Wuest translates it like this:
And Jesus went up to Jerusalem.
And He found seated in the outer courts
of the temple those who were in the habit of selling oxen and sheep and
doves… He ejected from the outer courts
of the temple… Jesus said to them, “You destroy this inner sanctuary, and in three days I will raise it up.” But that
One was speaking concerning the inner sanctuary,
the one which is His body.
Our Lord was saying that God the Father, the first person of
the Trinity, resided in the Holy of Holies (inner sanctuary) which was Jesus’
very own body. It is no wonder the unbelieving Jewish leaders went ballistic
when Jesus made claims such as this.
Yet most English translations do not attempt to bring out
the contrast between these two different Greek words. Although our English
Bibles are not nearly as confusing as the Austrian Hotel sign, nevertheless
something gets lost in the translation.
When teaching the Word of God or translating the Scriptures
into the dialect of native people, it is vital that the missionary has a good
understanding of the language and culture of the people that they are trying to
reach with the gospel of Jesus Christ. Our students are being trained to do
just that here at the Missionary Training Center. They are learning the
principles of effective communication in a cross-cultural context as they sit
in classes such as phonetics, tribal church planting, Bible translation, etc.
Adam and Julie Martin are working among the Akolet people in
Papua New Guinea. After they clearly presented the gospel message an Akolet man
named Lonsi told them, “Now I understand. For years and years I’ve been trying
and trying and trying to make myself right with God, but I knew from the Bible
teaching that I couldn’t do it. Only this Rescuer that God was going to send
could. And now I understand how all my sin went onto Jesus and then Jesus died.
Wow! I believe that. It’s so easy!”
The lights came on
for Lonsi as he understood the clear and simple message of the gospel. Why?
Because Adam and Julie were trained to communicate the gospel clearly. Not that
long ago they were sitting in classes here at the Missionary Training Center. I
had the privilege of teaching them phonetics. And God’s children are the ones
who have made that possible. I could not be here without a partnership team
praying for me and sponsoring me in this ministry. The prayer support of God’s
children and their love gifts on my behalf make it possible for the next
generation of missionaries to have an eternal impact around the world. I am so
thankful for all those have touched my life and ministry by praying and giving.
The result is that God’s kingdom is being built in the remote corners of the
world.
Bob